Summary

Introduction: Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WW) is a rare type of B-cell lymphoma characterized by the proliferation of lymphoplasmacytic cells that secrete high amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins M (IgM). It can present with a wide range of symptoms, including those derived from increased plasma viscosity. Methods: We report a case of WM who presented bilateral central retinal vein thrombosis (CRVT) in the context of hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS). The objective of this work was to review some clinical aspects of WM, with special emphasis on VHS and CRVT. Results: the clinical and laboratory manifestations of WM are nonspecific and common to other hematological neoplasms. VHS occurs when IgM levels exceed 3 mg/dL, a situation that occurs in 15-30% of patients. CRVT is a serious and rare complication associated with VHS, typically presenting as a painless loss of visual acuity. The fundus exhibits characteristic signs, such as venous tortuosity and retinal hemorrhages to the periphery, and fluoroscein angiography and OCT can guide the diagnosis and guide management. Treatment includes plasmapheresis and ophthalmological treatments based on antiangiogenic agents. Conclusion: WM is an incurable disease. However, it is important to suspect CRVT in patients who present with a loss of visual acuity, since there are effective treatments for the management of this complication.