Summary

Introduction: the use of imaging techniques is common and even essential in some diagnostic processes. However, its indication in pregnant and lactating women is controversial. Objective: to present a narrative review on the risks associated with the use of images with radiation and contrast medium in pregnancy and breastfeeding, with emphasis on the recommendations and clinical applications that the treating physician must keep in mind at the time of its indication. Methods: a bibliographic review of the relevant literature on the risks and special considerations of the use of contrast media in pregnancy and lactation was carried out. Results: the risks of ionizing radiation on the fetus vary according to the stage of pregnancy, so the indication of the study must weigh the risks and benefits. In clinical doses in pregnancy and lactation, the use of iodinated contrast such as gadolinium-based does not have deleterious effects on the health of the mother or the fetus. However, international societies recommend limiting its use. Conclusion: although the indication of imaging studies that use ionizing radiation in pregnancy and breastfeeding is safe, the clinician must be aware of the possible risks of ionizing radiation in this group of patients. Regarding contrast media, the only adverse effect reported is transient thyroid dysfunction in children of mothers who received iodinated contrast media.